Discussion on innovative integration mechanism between scientific research teams of medical colleges and affiliated hospitals / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the basic situation of scientific research team cooperation between medical colleges and universities in Sichuan Province, this paper analyzes the shortcomings and weaknesses of scientific research team cooperation between the two sides at the present stage, and focuses on discussing the mechanism of scientific research innovation integration between colleges and universities from three aspects: the significance of scientific research innovation team integration between colleges and universities, how to build scientific research teams through team integration, and the construction of scientific research team system. It's expected to change the scientific research team formed in the past "free mode", build an evaluation index system for innovation and integration of scientific research teams, organize large teams with clear research directions, give full play to the advantages of medical colleges and affiliated hospitals, and meet the development needs of both sides.

Practice and exploration on the safety management of undergraduate students' innovative and practical platform in local universities under the background of "innovation and entrepreneurship" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Innovative and practical platform safety management is the foundation of the innovation and entrepreneurship for undergraduate students in universities and colleges, which plays a critical role in maintaining the stability of the university and society, and ensuring the safety of teachers and students. In this present paper, the complex situation and problems of innovative and practical platform safety management, such as the imperfect regulations, weak atmosphere, incomplete facilities, unprofessional management, etc., are discussed under the background of "innovation and entrepreneurship" in China. With the combination of the above problems and the actual situation of Chengdu Medical College, the constructions of the regulations, such as access regulation, certification regulation, check regulation, rewards and punishment regulation, responsibility regulation, and a series of standard operating procedures (SOP) have also been carried out. Furthermore, adequate safety education and proper safety drills have been performed during the whole process of safety management. In addition, a diverse and professional management team with putting more emphasis on the development of safety facilities has been formed. In conclusions, the practice and exploration on the safety management of undergraduate students' innovative and practical platform in this paper may provide a theoretical basis and practical value to optimize the safety management in local universities and colleges under the background of "innovation and entrepreneurship" in China.

Preliminary study of the relationship between novel coronavirus pneumonia and liver function damage: a multicenter study / 中华肝脏病杂志

To analyze the clinical characteristics of cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and a preliminary study to explore the relationship between different clinical classification and liver damage. Consecutively confirmed novel coronavirus infection cases admitted to seven designated hospitals during January 23, 2020 to February 8, 2020 were included. Clinical classification (mild, moderate, severe, and critical) was carried out according to the diagnosis and treatment program of novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Fifth Edition) issued by the National Health Commission. The research data were analyzed using SPSS19.0 statistical software. Quantitative data were expressed as median (interquartile range), and qualitative data were expressed as frequency and rate. 32 confirmed cases that met the inclusion criteria were included. 28 cases were of mild or moderate type (87.50%), and four cases (12.50%) of severe or critical type. Four cases (12.5%) were combined with one underlying disease (bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, malignant tumor, chronic kidney disease), and one case (3.13%) was simultaneously combined with high blood pressure and malignant tumor. The results of laboratory examination showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBil) for entire cohort were 26.98 (16.88 ~ 46.09) U/L and 24.75 (18.71 ~ 31.79) U/L, 39.00 (36.20 ~ 44.20) g/L and 16.40 (11.34- ~ 21.15) mmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the mild or moderate subgroups were 22.75 (16.31- ~ 37.25) U/L, 23.63 (18.71 ~ 26.50) U/L, 39.70 (36.50 ~ 46.10) g/L, and 15.95 (11.34 ~ 20.83) mmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the severe or critical subgroups were 60.25 (40.88 ~ 68.90) U/L, 37.00 (20.88 ~ 64.45) U/L, 35.75 (28.68 ~ 42.00) g/L, and 20.50 (11.28 ~ 25.00) mmol/L, respectively. The results of this multicenter retrospective study suggests that novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with liver damage is more likely to be caused by adverse drug reactions and systemic inflammation in severe patients receiving medical treatment. Therefore, liver function monitoring and evaluation should be strengthened during the treatment of such patients.

Unsatisfying antiviral therapeutic effect in patients with mother-to-child transmissed chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a prospective multi-center clinical study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Few data are available regarding the progression of liver disease and therapeutic efficacy in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers infected by mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). This study aimed to investigate these two aspects by comparing the adult chronic HBV carriers in MTCT group with those in horizontal transmission group.@*METHODS@#The 683 adult chronic HBV patients qualified for liver biopsy including 191 with MTCT and 492 with horizontal transmission entered the multi-center prospective study from October 2013 to May 2016. Biopsy results from 217 patients at baseline and 78 weeks post antiviral therapy were collected.@*RESULTS@#Patients infected by MTCT were more likely to have e antigen positive (68.6% vs. 58.2%, χ = -2.491, P = 0.012) than those with horizontal transmission. However, in patients with MTCT, levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P = 0.031), Fibroscan (P = 0.013), N-terminal propeptide of Type III procollagen (PIIINP) (P = 0.014), and Laminin (LN) (P = 0.006) were high, in contrast to the patients with horizontal transmission for whom the levels of albumin (ALB) (P = 0.041), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) (P = 0.001) were high. The 47.2% of patients with MTCT and 36.8% of those with horizontal transmission had significant liver fibrosis (P = 0.013). Following antiviral therapy for 78 weeks, 21.2% and 38.0% patients with MTCT and horizontal transmission acquired hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) clearance, respectively (P = 0.043), and the virological response rates were 54.7% and 74.1% in the MTCT and horizontal groups, respectively (P = 0.005). MTCT was a risk factor for HBeAg clearance and virological response.@*CONCLUSION@#Adult patients with MTCT were more prone to severe liver diseases, and the therapeutic efficacy was relatively poor, which underlined the importance of earlier, long-term treatment and interrupting perinatal transmission.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#NCT01962155; https://clinicaltrials.gov.

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Skeletal Muscle Atrophy-associated Protein in Hind Limbs of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effects and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on expression of myostatin (MSTN), muscle-specific ring finger protein 1 (MuRF1/Trim63), F-box only protein 32 (Atrogin-1/ Fbxo32), myogenic differentiation antigen (Myod) and myogenin (Myog) in traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) rats. Methods:A total of 45 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n = 12) and operation group (n = 33). The TSCI model was established with the modified Allen's method. After modeling, there were 24 survival rats and they were randomly divided into model group (n = 12) and EA group (n = 12). EA group was electroacupunctured at Dazhui (DU 14), Mingmen (DU 4) and bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) for 10 minutes, once a day, six times a week for 28 days. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score was tested before modeling, and three days, seven days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after modeling. The rats were measured their body mass before and 28 days after modeling. The ratio of gastrocnemius wet mass was calculated; the cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber diameter were measured by HE staining; the expression of MSTN, Trim63, Fbxo32, Myod and Myog mRNA were tested with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results:Three days, seven days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days after modeling, the score of BBB was lower in the model group than in the sham operation group (P < 0.01); seven days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days after modeling, the score of BBB was higher in EA group than in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the sham operation group, the mass of rats, the gastrocnemius wet mass, the CSA and the diameter of the muscle fiber were smaller in the model group (P < 0.05), while the expression of MSTN, Trim63, Fbxo32, Myod and Myog mRNA were higher (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the mass of rats, the gastrocnemius wet mass, the CSA, the expression of Myod and Myog mRNA were higher (P < 0.05) in EA group, while the expression of MSTN, Trim63 and Fbxo32 mRNA were lower (P < 0.05). Conclusion:EA might delay the gastrocnemius atrophy in TSCI rats by down-regulating the expression of MSTN, Trim63, Fbxo32 mRNA and up-regulating the expression of Myod and Myog mRNA via controlling the differentiation of the muscle satellite cells and the degradation of protein in skeletal muscle cells.

Unsatisfying antiviral therapeutic effect in patients with mother-tochild transmissed chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a prospective multi-center clinical study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Few data are available regarding the progression of liver disease and therapeutic efficacy in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers infected by mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). This study aimed to investigate these two aspects by comparing the adult chronic HBV carriers in MTCT group with those in horizontal transmission group.@*Methods@#The 683 adult chronic HBV patients qualified for liver biopsy including 191 with MTCT and 492 with horizontal transmission entered the multi-center prospective study from October 2013 to May 2016. Biopsy results from 217 patients at baseline and 78 weeks post antiviral therapy were collected.@*Results@#Patients infected by MTCT were more likely to have e antigen positive (68.6% vs. 58.2%, χ2 = -2.491, P = 0.012) than those with horizontal transmission. However, in patients with MTCT, levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P = 0.031), Fibroscan (P = 0.013), N-terminal propeptide of Type III procollagen (PIIINP) (P = 0.014), and Laminin (LN) (P = 0.006) were high, in contrast to the patients with horizontal transmission for whom the levels of albumin (ALB) (P = 0.041), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) (P = 0.001) were high. The 47.2% of patients with MTCT and 36.8% of those with horizontal transmission had significant liver fibrosis (P = 0.013). Following antiviral therapy for 78 weeks, 21.2% and 38.0% patients with MTCT and horizontal transmission acquired hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) clearance, respectively (P = 0.043), and the virological response rates were 54.7% and 74.1% in the MTCT and horizontal groups, respectively (P = 0.005). MTCT was a risk factor for HBeAg clearance and virological response.@*Conclusion@#Adult patients with MTCT were more prone to severe liver diseases, and the therapeutic efficacy was relatively poor, which underlined the importance of earlier, long-term treatment and interrupting perinatal transmission.@*Trial Registration@#NCT01962155; https://clinicaltrials.gov.

Regulation of T cell immunity by cellular metabolism / 医学前沿

T cells are an important adaptive immune response arm that mediates cell-mediated immunity. T cell metabolism plays a central role in T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function. Specific metabolic programs are tightly controlled to mediate T cell immune responses, and alterations in T cell metabolism may result in many immunological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the main T cell metabolic pathways and the important factors participating in T cell metabolic programming during T cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.

The effect analysis of standardized nursing trainingin reducing the incidence rate of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanography pancreatitis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of standardized nursing training in reducing the incidence rate of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanography(ERCP) pancreatitis. Methods A total of 521 patients were collected from January 2015 to June 2016 in ERCP therapy as control group.The patients in this group did not have standardized nursing training.A total of 289 patients were selected from July 2016 to April 2017 in ERCP therapy as intervention group.The patients in this group were carried out the standardized nursing training. The incidence of hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis was observed in two groups. Results The incidence of hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis was 12.09%(63/521),7.87%(41/521)in control group,and 7.61% (22/289), 3.11% (9/289) in intervention group,the difference was statistically significant between two groups(χ2=3.972,7.258,P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions The standard nursing training and intraoperative coordination can reduce its risk factors, and to reduce the post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia has important meaning and function.

Parallel Mining of Gene Expression Differences of Nucleotide Excision Repair Gene XPA in Human Skin Microarrays based on GEO Database / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To make a parallel mining the data of expression differences of a crucial gene XPA involved in nucleotide excision repair pathway of human skin microarrays by bioinformatics from the system level.Methods Using the ScanGEO, the data of microarrays which included the significant differences expression level of XPA were screened and analyzed from 59 human skin samples in the GEO database. Results There were 7 samples with the down-regulated expression of XPA: cutaneous malignant melanoma, epidermal injury model, DNA damage and UV radiation, foreskin fibroblast response to Toxoplasma gondii RH type 1 (ROP5) mutant infection, interleukin-20 subfamily cytokines effect on epidermal keratinocytes, Egr-1 overexpression effect on skin fibroblasts in vitro: time course, in vitro model for inflammatory dendritic cells.Present expression down. Conclusion Based on the GEO database and ScanGEO, high-throughput shared data can be screened and analyzed efficiently.

Bushen Daozhuo Granules for type Ⅲ prostatitis: A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To study the safety and efficacy of Bushen Daozhuo Granules (BDG) in the treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis.@*METHODS@#This multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial included 478 patients with type Ⅲ prostatitis, 290 in the trial group and 188 as controls, the former treated with BDG at 200 ml bid and the latter with tamsulosin hydrochloride sustainedrelease capsules at 0.2 mg qd, both for 4 weeks. Before treatment, after 4 weeks of medication, and at 4 weeks after drug withdrawal, we obtained the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIHCPSI) scores and compared the safety and effectiveness rate between the two groups of patients.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the baseline, the NIHCPSI score was markedly decreased in the control group after 4 weeks of medication (21.42 ± 4.02 vs 15.67 ± 3.65, P 0.05), while the NIHCPSI score in the trial group was remarkably lower than the baseline both after 4 weeks of medication and at 4 weeks after drug withdrawal (10.92 ± 2.06 and 12.91 ± 2.64 vs 21.58 ± 3.67, P < 0.05). The trial group exhibited both a higher rate of total effectiveness and safety than the control (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#BDG is safe and effective for the treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis.

Effects of cucurbitacin Ⅱa on apoptosis of humanlung cancer cell lines NCI-H460 and A549 and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the apoptosis effect of cucurbitacin Ⅱa on non-small cell lung cancer cell lines NCI-H460 and A549 and its underlying mechanism.Methods Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay.The apoptosis effect and cell cycle arrest were detected by Flow cytometry.Western blot was employed to detect the related protein.Results The proliferation of lung cancer cell lines NCI-H460 and A549 was inhibited by CuⅡa, which showed cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 224.9 nmol·L-1 and 108.3 nmol·L-1 against NCI-H460 and A549 respectively.CuⅡa induced the cells apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase.The results of Western blot showed CuⅡa inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and Cofilin in a dose-dependent manner.Further, CuⅡa inhibited the phosphorylation of Aurora A, in line with the important characteristics of anti-tumor effect of Aurora A kinase inhibitor with blocking cells in the G2/M phase.Conclusion CuⅡa has obvious anti-tumor effect against non-small cell lung cancer, which suggests its value as a lead compound for lung cell carcinoma.

Three-dimensional reconstruction based on DICOM data and its application for orthopedic implants / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The output of computed tomography (CT) is Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), whereas the input of three-dimensional (3D) printing is an object Standard Template Library model represented by a triangular mesh. The process of data handing and forrmat conversion are keys to the combination of these two techniques. OBJECTIVE:To explore how to convert CT data into a stereoscopic 3D model efficiently. METHODS:The DICOM in Medicine format data of the patients with femoral fractures were edited and produced by Mimics. We made a 3D model by adjusting the parameters of the 3D printer slicing software, and discussed the significance of 3D model in medical field, especially orthopedics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mimics software is the bridge to connect two-dimensional CT scan images and 3D images, to create a 3D model by editing the data of DICOM which comes from the CT scanner, with a 3D printing technology. The 3D Model can help doctors for routine clinical diagnosis and treatment, to improve the communication between doctors and patients and the quality of clinical medical teaching. 3D printing also makes medicine more personalized, remote, minimally invasive, and promote the development of medicine to the direction of digital medicine.

Expression and significance of BCL-6 and ZEB2 in breast cancer / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To explore the biological significance of BCL-6 and ZEB2 in invasion,metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer.Methods The expressions of BCL-6,ZEB2 protein and mRNA were detected respectively in 228 cases of breast cancer and 80 cases of breast benign lesions by immunohistochemical SP two-step staining and situ hybridization.Result The expression levels of BCL-6,ZEB2 protein and mRNA in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than in breast benign lesions (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of BCL-6 was positively correlated with tumor size,lymphatic metastasis,histological grade,TNM staging and HER-2 expression (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of ZEB2 was positively correlated with tumor size,lymphatic metastasis,TNM staging and HER-2 expression (P ＜ 0.05).The overall survival and relapse-free survival of BCL-6 and ZEB2 positive expression were significantly less than the negative expression (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The BCL-6 and ZEB2 are closely correlated with the evolution process of breast cancer,which may become important means for monitoring and warning the metastasis,invasion,and prognosis of breast cancer.

Effects of cardiac remodeling on atrial arrhythmogenesis in aged rabbit left atrium / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the effects of myocardial remodeling of aged left atrium (LA) on atrial ar-rhythmogenesis in rabbits .METHODS:The male New Zealand rabbits were divided into young LA and aged LA groups . By observing the changes of monophasic action potential ( MAP) and burst-pacing in LA of the rabbits in vivo, the main cardioelectrophysiological parameters such as resting membrane potential ( RMP) , action potential amplitude ( APA) , ma-ximum rise veloctiy of action potential (dv/dtmax), plateau potential and action potential duration at 30%, 50%and 90%( APD30 , APD50 and APD90 ) , as well as the inducibility and duration of atrial arrhythmias were recorded .L-type calcium current (ICa,L) was analyzed via whole-cell patch-clamp technique in enzymatically dissociated single rabbit LA myocytes . The myocardial collagen content was quantified after Masson staining , and the ultrastructure of the LA cells was observed under scanning electron microscope .The expression of Cav 1.2 in LA tissue of the 2 groups was detected by Western blot . RESULTS:Compared with young LA group , dv/dtmax and plateau potential were significantly decreased , APD30 and APD50 were shortened, and APD90 was notably prolongated in aged LA group (P<0.01).The inducibility or duration of atrial arrhythmias was severely increased or prolongated in aged LA group (P<0.01).With voltage clamp model, the den-sity of ICa,L in aged LA group was significantly decreased , and current-voltage curve was notably moved upward compared with young LA group.When the clamp potential was +20 mV, the density of ICa,L was notably modified from (11.72 ± 1.39) pA/pF in young LA group to (6.08 ±0.98) pA/pF in aged LA group ( P<0.01).Compared with young LA group, the protein level of collagen was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the arrange of atrial myocytes was irregular in LA of rabbits in aged LA group .The atrial myocytes of the LA wall in aged LA group exhibited abnormal ultrastructural alterations , such as karyopyknosis , irregular and swelling mitochondria with the presence of vacuoles , and mild and severe sarcomere degeneration .Compared with those in LA tissues of young rabbits , the expression levels of Cav 1.2 in the LA tis-sues of aged rabbits were severely reduced (P<0.01), and had a significant positive correlation with the reduction of ICa,L (r=0.83, P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The pathophysiological characteristics of aged LA are significantly altered , and might contribute to vulnerability and susceptibility of occurrence of atrial fibillation in aged rabbits .The mechanisms might completely attribute to the notable reduction of ICa,L , abnormal alterations of ultrastructures and obvious decrease in the ex-pression of Cav1.2 in the aged LA of aged rabbits .

Determination of dabigatran etexilate mesylate and related substances by HPLC / 中国药科大学学报

In order to research the related substances of dabigatran etexilate mesylate,seven related compounds were synthesized and the related detection methods were established (Using XBridge C18 as the column,methanol-0.01mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate as the mobile phase Gradient elution,detection wavelength of 310 nm).The solvents and the injection volume were also screened.Results showed that the established method could separate the dabigatran etexilate mesylate and seven compounds completely,and the reproducibility was good and the accuracy was high,which was suitable for the detection of the related substances of dabigatran etexilate mesylate.

The author and authorships in clinical trial: based on the interpretation and analysis of GPP3 / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective Clinical trial researches are sponsored by medical companies mostly,the research paper publishes in a potential publication bias inevitably.This paper discussed the author's and authorship's issues in clinical trials.Methods The Good Publication Practice for pharmaceutical companies (GPP) 3rd edition was interpreted,related literatures and domestic policies were analyzed.Results The issues including setting up publication steering committees,clarifying authorship,employing professional medical writers,personal fees,contributorship and acknowledgments,potential conflict of interest,and author's rights and obligations should be well panned and deal with in clinical trials.Conclusions Researchers who involved in clinical trials should treat the author's and authorship ’s issues with caution.

Research on the mechanism of benzothiazole derivative BD960 on T cell proliferation / 医学研究生学报

Objective Benzothiazole derivative BD960 has immunosuppressive activity after cell -based assays for high-throughput screening.The paper aimed to investigate the involved mechanism of BD960 on T cell proliferation. Methods Human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were isolated and purified by the immunomagnetic microbeads.Then the T cells were activated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs or alloantigen.The effect of BD960 on activa-ted T cell proliferation, the cytotoxic effect BD960 on resting T cells and the expression of activated T cells marker CD25 were measured by flow cytometer.Cytokine levels, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and IFN-γ, were determined by ELISA. Results BD960 significantly inhibited the proliferation of T cells stimulated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb or alloantigen in a dose-dependent manner.The IC50 value is (2.3 ±0.3)μmol/L or (2.5 ±0.3)μmol/L, respectively.Moreover, BD960 had no obvious cytotoxic effects on rest-ing T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, even at a high concentration ( up to 100μmol/L) .The ratio of CD25 expression on T cell was 69.7%after stimulated by Anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs with 72 h, the concentration (0.625、2.5、10)μmol/L of BD960 also had no potent effects on the ratio, but 0.1μmol/L FK506 could inhibit CD25 expression as low as 9.4%.The G0/G1 phase of activated T cells was 58.5%after stimulated by BD960 with 96 h.BD960 could induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in activated T cells with the increase of concentration and RAPA in the concentration of 0.1 μmol/L was 91.5%.In addition, BD960 (0.625、2.5、10)μmol/L could inhibit the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-17 in activated T cells with the increase of concentration, without any effects on the secretion of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. Conclusion BD960 not only exerts the inhibition on the late stage of T cell activation of cell proliferation but also inhibits the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-17 and IFN-γ, while the mechanism of BD960 on T cell proliferation was not the same as FK506.As a result, BD960 has the potential to be the lead compound to develop a new immunosuppressant.

Negative pressure aspirator clogging in orthopedic surgery:A two-stage cross-section study and clinical ob-servation / 医学研究生学报

Objective Negative pressure aspirator clogging ( OSAC) frequently occurs in orthopedic surgery .This study was to investigate the frequency , location , and mechanisms of OSAC in China by analysis of the current status and clinical observation of OSAC so as to provide evidence for the solution of the problem . Methods Using the two-stage random sampling method , we conduc-ted a questionnaire survey on OSAC among 738 clinical orthopedists during the 16th and 17th Chinese Orthopedic Association Confer-ences.Totally, 160 out 1200 orthopedic surgeries were randomly selected in the time order of operation , including 38 cases of total hip arthroplasty ( THA) , 39 cases of total knee arthroplasty ( TKA) , 43 cases of extremity and spinal fractures surgery , and 40 cases of other orthopedic surgeries .We also obtained the satisfaction scores with the existing aspirators from related medical professionals . Results Among the 738 respondents included into the analysis , 706 (95.7%) thought that OSAC often occurred during surgery , 631 (85.5%) considered THA to be the leading cause of OSAC , and 714 (96.7%) regarded the tip and hose joint of the aspirator as the common causes . The mean satisfaction score with the existing aspirators was 7.62 ±0.74.Clinical observation showed the mean frequency of OSAC to be 2.55 ±1.62 in THA, 1.95 ±1.33 in TKA, 1.52 ±1.18 in extremity and spinal fracture surgeries , and 0.95 ± 0.68 in other orthopedic surgeries , and the satisfaction score to be 7.36 ±0.84. Conclusion OSAC has a high incidence rate during orthopedic surgeries in China , thus affecting orthopedic surgery and reducing orthopedists'satisfaction with the aspirators . The current negative pressure aspirator system demands prompt improvement .

Development and application of special-purpose grafter by femoral head decompression combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation based on three-dimensional printing technology / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Autologous tissue-engineered bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (BMSCs) transplantation is one of the most common methods of treating early osteonecrosis of femoral head, but now there is stil no any special-purpose grafter available in the market. Such surgical transplantation is a laborious, time-consuming and tedious process, which goes against its clinical promotion. OBJECTIVE:To develop a supporting, efficient, special-purpose grafter, to solve the difficulty in stem cel s transplantation during core decompression of femoral head. METHODS:CAD software was used to perform solid modeling for this special-purpose grafter and print them by three-dimensional (3D) fast printing technology. The performance of this special-purpose grafter was tested by femoral head core decompression combined with BMSCs transplantation. It was compared with traditional surgical instrument in terms of duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS) of stem cel/biological fiber col agen complex omission amount and doctor’s satisfaction score. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) A kind of special-purpose grafter was developed by 3D printing technology rapidly. (2) Compared with the control group, duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, VAS scores and doctor’s satisfaction scores were significantly improved in the trial group (P<0.05). (3) CAD software combined with 3D printing technology is a highly efficient means for front-line clinicians to perform independent development. The research and development of this special-purpose grafter provides a perfect solution to the laborious, time-consuming and tedious process of cel/biological col agen fiber transplantation.

Comparative analysis of distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in lower respiratory tract infection among children and adults in Nanjing area / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To understand the epidemic trend and drug susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria in children with lower re-spiratory tract infection to provide the basis for clinical rational drug use.Methods The sputum culture specimens in these two hospitals during 2013 were performed the pathogenic bacterial culture and the drug susceptibility test respectively.The results were conducted the comparative analysis.Results 6124 strains of bacteria were isolated from the children lower respiratory tract sputum specimens in our hospital during 2013,including 5 121 strains of Gram negative bacteria,accounting for 62.7%,which were domina-ted by Haemophilus influenzae,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Bauman Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Gram positive bacteria were 2734 strains,accounting for 33.5%,the top two were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus;311 strains of fungi,accounting for 3.8%,and Candida albicans was predominant.1600 strains of bacteria were isolated from the lower respiratory tract sputum specimens in Nanjing Brain Hospital during 2013,including 1 134 strains of Gram negative bacteria, accounting for 70.9%,which were dominated by Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobact-er Bauman;296 strains of Gram positive bacteria,accounting for 18.5%,Staphylococcus aureus was predominant;170 strains of fungi,accounting for 10.6%,Candida albicans was predominant.The sensitive drugs to Gram-negative bacilli were piperacillin /tazobactam and imipenem,while the sensitive drugs to Gram-positive bacilli were linezolid and vancomycin.Conclusion The Gram negative bacteria are the main pathogens of lower respiratory infection in children,and strengthening bacterial culture and drug re-sistance monitoring is necessary for rational use of antibacterial drugs.